Some Immune Parameters for Type 2 Diabetics Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Baghdad, Iraq

This study to establish the effects of COVID-19 on 150 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via a questionnaire distributed in Baghdad, Iraq, in light of social economy and healthcare restrictions. The present study seeks to explore and determine clinical interventions and physiological reactions employing a cross-sectional research design. In the demographic aspects, clinical characteristics, immunological markers, blood glucose level, and liver enzymes markers and SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA were evaluated. While comparing the result values of diabetic COVID patients with control non-diabetic COVID patients it was observed that the fasting blood glucose level was 180 ± 40mg/dl as compared to 120 ± 30mg/dl, p < 0.001, postprandial blood glucose level was 240 ± 50mg/dl as compared to 160 ± 40mg/dl p < 0.01 and HbA1 Diabetic patients' liver enzymes of ALT and AST were significantly higher than normal denoting that diabetes affects the liver. The percentage of hospitalized patients, those intubated in the ICU, those requiring mechanical ventilation, and those deaths among diabetic patients were higher compared with the control group; 80% vs 50%, p < 0.001; 30% vs 15%, p < 0.05; 25% vs 10%, p < 0.01; and 20% vs 5%, p < additionally, dysregulation in immune and metabolic parameters was observed among T2DM patients with COVID-19, including elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6: 55.0 ± 29.9 pg/mL, TNFα: Although TNF-α was increased it was still slightly lower than normal (mean value 76.0 ± 34.5 pg/mL) as well as IL-1-b (mean 23.9 ± 12.5 pg/mL) while the indicators of glycemic control were poor HbA1c (mean 8.7 ± 2.0%) and random glucose (mean 240.6 ± 78.3 Elevated liver enzymes (ALT:(ALP: 44.5 ± 21.9 U/L, AST: 38.9 ± 19.8 U/L, GGT: 54.1 ± 29.8 U/L) supported that there was hepatic stress.Clinical outcomes were also poor, with 80 % of the patients being hospitalized, 34%; intensive care unit admission was required for 19 % of the patients.7%were admitted to the ICU and 14.7% mortality.Non-survivors exhibited significantly higher inflammatory markers and poorer glycemic control compared to survivors (HbA1c: IL-10 concentration was higher in the study group (10.0 ± 2.3% vs.8.3 ± 1.8%); IL-6 (80.7 ± 33.8 pg/mL vs.48.6 ± 27.8 pg/mL) and TNF-α (116.4 ± 38.5 pg/mL vs.68.1 ± 30.9 pg/mL).