Bibliometric Analysis of 21st Century Skills in Practical Laboratory Learning Research Trends from 1986 to 2023 Using RStudio Bibliometrix and VOSViewer Software Tools

The acceleration of technological advancements and globalization underscores the importance of 21st-century skills in practical learning contexts. This manuscript presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scholarly publications from 1986 to 2023, delineating the evolution and trends of research in 21st-century skills within practical learning environments. Utilizing the robust capabilities of RStudio’s Bibliometrix and VOSviewer tools, we systematically quantify and visualize the data, providing a metaanalysis of the existing literature. Our analysis encompasses publication output, citation patterns, keyword frequency, thematic concentrations, and collaborative networks. We reveal significant growth in research interest, particularly in areas such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity, often referred to as the “4 Cs” of 21st-century skills. The study identifies key authors, influential institutions, and pivotal publications that have shaped the discourse. Moreover, it highlights interdisciplinary collaborations and the geographical distribution of contributions, offering insights into the global research landscape. Our findings suggest that practical learning pedagogies are increasingly integrating 21st-century competencies, reflecting a paradigm shift towards skills that prepare students for the demands of the modern workforce and society. This work not only serves as a barometer for past and present research trajectories but also provides a scaffold for future inquiries in the domain of practical and experiential education. Keywords: bibliometric analysis, 21st century skills, practical laboratory learning, vosviewer, rstudio