Study of histopathological spectrum of ovarian tumors in a tertiary care hospital in India

Abstract Background: Ovarian tumors rank as the third leading cause of mortality among female genital tract malignancies. This study examined the histopathological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms based on our center’s 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out over 5 years at our tertiary healthcare hospital, including 406 cases of ovarian neoplasms. After proper fixation and gross examination, sections were routinely processed and examined. The histopathological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms was analyzed according to the 2020 WHO classification. Results: Out of the 406 cases studied, 329 (81.03%) were benign, 65 (16.01%) were malignant, and 12 (2.95%) were borderline. The cases included 326 (80.29%) surface epithelial tumors, 58 (14.28%) germ cell tumors, 19 (4.68%) sex cord-stromal tumors, and 2 (0.49%) metastatic tumors. The majority of ovarian tumors ( n = 340, 83.74%) occurred in the 20–60 years age group. Conclusion: The study reveals that benign tumors were more prevalent than malignant ones, with serous tumors being the most common among the benign cases. We observed a higher incidence of malignancy in women over the age of 40. Therefore, early and accurate histological diagnosis is crucial for initiating an appropriate management plan.