Research Progress of Advanced Design Method, Numerical Simulation, and Experimental Technology of Pumps in Deep-Sea Resource Exploitation

Amid the escalating global demand for raw materials, the gradual exhaustion of terrestrial mineral resources, and the rise in extraction costs and energy consumption, the development of deep-sea mineral resources has become a focal point of international interest. The pipeline lifting mining system, distinguished by its superior mining efficiency and minimized environmental impact, now accounts for over 50% of the total energy consumption in mining operations. Serving as the “heart” of this system, the deep-sea lifting pump’s comprehensive performance (high pressure tolerance, non-clogging features, elevated lift capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high reliability, etc.), is critical to transport efficiency, operational stability, and lifespan of the mining system. As a mixed transport pump for solid and liquid media under extreme conditions, its internal flow structure is exceedingly complex, incorporating gas–liquid–solid multiphase flow. A precise understanding of its internal flow mechanisms is essential for breaking through the design limitations of deep-sea lifting pumps and enhancing their operational stability and reliability under various working conditions and multiphase media, thereby providing technical support for advancing global marine resource development and offshore equipment upgrades. This paper comprehensively reviews the design theory, optimization methods, numerical simulations, and experimental studies of deep-sea lifting pumps. It discusses the application of various design optimization techniques in hydraulic lifting pumps, details the multiphase flow numerical algorithms commonly used in deep-sea lifting pumps along with their modified models, and summarizes some experimental methodologies in this field. Lastly, it outlines the forthcoming challenges in deep-sea lifting pump research and proposes potential directions to promote the commercial development of deep-sea mining, thereby offering theoretical and engineering support for the development of deep-sea mining slurry pumps.