Antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of Prosopis juliflora leaves extract against Escherichia coli isolated from clinical endometritis

Uterine infection is commonly seen in post-partum dairy cows and is associated with impaired reproductive performance due to a reduction in conception rate, increased intervals from calving to first service or conception, and increased risk of reproductive culling 1,2.Uterine inflammation involving the endometrium often results in abnormal fertilization, implantation, and premature fetal death 3.Moreover, uterine infection is frequently linked to abnormal estrous cycles, ovarian cyst formation, lengthening of the luteal phase, and delayed postpartum estrus 4.The prevalence rate of uterine infection in buffaloes is found to be much higher than in cows, and a 24.7%