Optimizing dynamic facility layout problems: genetic algorithm with local search integration

The facility layout problem (FLP) revolves around the optimization of the arrangement of various elements within a manufacturing or distribution system.These elements can include machinery, production departments, and storage areas like warehouses.The primary objective in solving the FLP is to minimize the total material handling cost (MHC) involved in the system operation.MHCs encompasses various expenses related to moving materials or products within the facility, such as labour, equipment maintenance, and transportation 1. *Author for correspondenceMHCs is a significant concern for businesses, as they represent non-value-added expenses, which means they do not directly contribute to the product's value.These costs can account for a substantial portion of a manufacturing system's overall operating expenses, ranging from 20% to 50% 2.Moreover, in the context of product cost, they can make up a significant share, varying from 15% to 70% 2.Therefore, optimizing facility layouts to reduce MHCs is critical for enhancing operational efficiency, costeffectiveness, and overall competitiveness in manufacturing and distribution industries.By implementing an effective layout, 10-30% of this cost can be decreased, while also contributing to the Research