Techniques for increasing the efficiency of microclonal propagation of potatoes (review)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop that ensures food security in many countries. One of the main factors ensuring high potato yields is the use of high-quality seed material. The application of tissue culture method for propagation of potato plants is the most significant. The work analyzes sources of domestic and foreign literature, presenting the results of research related to the study and improvement of in vitro propagation and in vivo cultivation techniques for obtaining potato source material. Publications were selected from open sources over the past 10 years. The influence of various growth regulators (cytokines, auxins, gibberellins, benzichol, etihol, humic acids), the mineral composition of the Murashige-Skoog (MS) nutrient medium, and physical factors on biomass, the length of shoots and roots, the number of nodes and rooting of explants under in vitro conditions is considered. At the same time, the optimal parameters may vary depending on the potato variety. Factors (changes in the composition of the environment, physical indicators) that influence the increase in the formation of the number of microtubers in in vitro culture are considered separately. This method of obtaining healthy material is the most promising. Among the methods for increasing the adaptation of test tube plants in vivo, preliminary soaking before planting test tube potato plants in the soil and root treatment with humic preparations, phytoimmunomodulators, as well as various options for covering plants ex vitro are considered. It has been shown that the propagation of test tube plants in aeroponic and hydroponic installations allows minimizing the impact of external factors, including the introduction of infectious diseases.