Baicalin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in adult male SD rats

Baicalin is a flavonoid derived from the root of the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S. baicalensis) and is known for its various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of baicalin (BAI) on the occurrence of kidney calcium oxalate crystal formation induced by ethylene glycol in male SD rats. A rat model of renal stones was created and various concentrations of baicalin were used for intervention. Samples of urine, blood, and kidney tissue were taken from the rats, and they were euthanized for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Our results show that baicalin treatment improved the weight loss induced by ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC) in rats. Baicalin also reduced the formation of calcium oxalate crystals and protected kidney function in rats with urolithiasis. Furthermore, it lowered the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes compared to the stone control group. Additionally, baicalin notably alleviated renal inflammation in rats with urolithiasis. The present study attributed clinical evidence first time that claiming the significant antiurolithic effect of baicalin and could be a cost-effective candidate for the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis.