FIGURE 1 from Role of Gut Microbiome in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Prospective Cohort Evaluation

Bladder cancer versus controls microbiome diversity and differences. A, Stacked bar plot displaying the relative abundances of predominant bacterial genera identified in patients with bladder cancer (n = 142) and control individuals (n = 48). B, Distribution of alpha diversity indices across both cohorts, quantified using ACE, Chao1, Observed species, Pielou's evenness, Shannon, and Simpson indices, with error bars denoting variability within each group. C, Overall relative abundances of bacterial general identified by group (bladder cancer vs. control). D, Beta diversity assessed through weighted UniFrac PCoA, highlighting distinct microbial community structures associated with each group. E, LEfSe identifying differentially abundant taxa at various taxonomic levels, supported by a taxonomic cladogram visualized in F.