Investigation of waste cooking and castor biodiesel blends effects on diesel engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics

Waste cooking (WCO) and castor oils are used as methyl ester feedstocks. By esterification and transesterification of castor and WCO, biodiesels were created and combined with diesel in proportions of 10 % and 20 %. Diesel engine emissions, performance, and combustion were computed at 3000 rpm rated speed and load variation. Highest increases in specific fuel consumption of 2, 3.5, 5.5, 6, and 8.5 % were seen in the cases of waste cooking (10 %), castor biodiesel (10 %), blending (10 %), waste cooking (20 %), and castor (20 %) when diesel fuel was utilized at full load. Thermal efficiencies were decreased by 2.5, 4, 5, 6, and 9.5 % in proportion. Compared to diesel oil, WB10, CB10, WB10+CB10, WB20, and CB20 displayed the biggest reductions in CO emissions of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 %, respectively; in contrast, NOx concentrations climbed to 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5, and 6.5 %, respectively. Largest reductions in hydrocarbon emissions were shown for biodiesel blends as 6, 7, 10, 12, and 14 %, respectively. Largest declines in smoke at peak load were seen for WB10, CB10, WB10+CB10, WB20, and CB20, with respectively values of 6, 8, 10.5, and 11 %. Decrements in maximum cylinder pressure were 1.5, 2, 2.3, 3.5, and 4.5 % at peak load related to diesel. There were 1.5, 2.5, 3, 4.5, and 5 % drops in peak HRR, respectively. Improvement of emissions, performance, and combustion characteristics associated with diesel engine fueled by mixtures of WCO, and castor methyl ester is achieved through the hybridization of feedstocks with different properties as 10 % castor and 10 % WCO biodiesels.