Overview of the Canine Parvovirus Type 2: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Parvo in dogs is caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a highly contagious viral disease in dogs that often causes high mortality and is mainly transmitted through the gastrointestinal tract. Nowadays, the variants identified include CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. This pathogen has appeared in most countries around the world, including Vietnam. Its host range varies with each type of variant, and its relative frequency and genetic variability also vary between countries. The research provides an overview of key information regarding themolecular structure, origin, evolution, and pathophysiology of CPV-2, drawing on 30 published study results from various countries worldwide. This paper helps to identify risk factors that contribute to CPV-2 disease. In addition, the research also synthesizes research on advanced diagnosis, treatment, and CPV-2 vaccine development, serving as a basis for veterinarians, veterinary students, and breeders to control and limit the impact of upper enteritis caused by CPV-2.