A Brief Comperative note about the Mechanisms of Microbial Bioremediation and Phytoremediation

The increasing urbanization, industrialization, and modernization of the world have made heavy metal pollution a serious issue. Toxic chemicals found in industrial wastes have made a major contribution to the current disastrous environmental pollution and have impaired the growth and metabolism of living organisms. Excessive metal pollution is the result of various ineffective treatment techniques. Bioremediation of heavy metals with plants and bacteria is simultaneously a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach. Numerous methods, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, and efflux systems, are accessible for bacteria to mitigate the toxicity of heavy metals. Phytoremediation is a novel and promising way to speed up and enhance the rate of heavy metal detoxification. To deal with the toxicity of heavy metals, plants have a variety of defense mechanisms, including phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, and phytotransformation. This study mainly focuses on the bacteria and plants that uptake and sequester toxic heavy metals and the possibilities for using them in bioremediation. . KEYWORDS :Bioremediation, Biosorption, Heavy metals, Phytoextraction, Phytoremediation