St. Petersburg Mining Institute during the Reign of Emperor Nicholas II (1894–1917)

Since 1866, from an educational institution such as a military corps, the university has become an open mining engineering higher educational institution.The development of mining in the 1860s-90s and changes in the educational process after the adoption of the Charter of 1866 necessitated its significant revision.Industrial modernization of the XIX -early XX century was the most important catalyst for the socio-economic development of Russia.Since mining was the leading industry in the course of modernization, it accordingly pushed for the need to improve the educational process of educational institutions that trained mining engineers.Public and pedagogical opinion in the process of modernization served as an engine for democratic reforms in the field of education.But at the same time, some actions and decisions of the government had a populist and contradictory character and eventually became obsolete or changed.The revolutionary situation in the country, in which students took an active part, also served as a serious reason for changing the educational life of universities.