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Post-Reformation, Indonesia faces significant geopolitical challenges in the South China Sea, an area with a high potential for conflict due to overlapping territorial claims, especially with China. This article analyzes the leadership strategies implemented by Indonesian presidents from the Reformation era to the present in dealing with this issue. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores the diplomatic and defence policies implemented to maintain regional sovereignty and stability. Abdurrahman Wahid to Joko Widodo have implemented various approaches, ranging from multilateral diplomacy within the ASEAN framework, building naval capabilities, to strengthening international cooperation. The results of the analysis show that although the leadership style and policy priorities of each president are different, there is continuity in the commitment to upholding international law, especially UNCLOS, and strengthening regional cooperation as the main foundation for facing this challenge. This article also highlights the future challenges and opportunities facing Indonesia in the context of evolving global political and security dynamics.
Saputra et al. (Fri,) studied this question.