Fracturing and dome-shaped surface displacements above laccolith intrusions: Insights from Discrete Element Method modeling

We present a two-dimensional Discrete Element Method model that simulates host rock fracturing during the inflation of a magmatic laccolith.• The host rock toughness and stiffness along with source depth control spatial fracture distribution between two end-members.• At a constant injection rate, the vertical displacement maximum and lateral extent show sudden changes in response to host rock fracturing.