Coupling control technology of anchoring and unloading in deep intense-mining and large-deformation roadway: a case study

Abstract In order to control the deformation of surrounding rock in deep high-stress and intense-mining roadways, taking a deep coal roadway with continuous deformation as an example, the characteristics of crustal stress, coal strength, and mining influence of roadway are obtained by underground tests. The combined failure mechanism of coal roadway surrounding-rock is revealed by differential stress of deep and shallow anchor cables. We propose that the improvement of surrounding rock control for coal roadway is adopting the coupling control technology of anchoring and unloading. The stress distribution and evolution laws of lateral surrounding rock of unloading holes are obtained by numerical simulation and theoretical calculation, and reasonable unloading-hole spacing of 4.0 m is comprehensively determined. A mechanical model of roadway roof beam under fixed support at both ends is constructed and the important role of anchor cable beam-truss in controlling the stability of coal roadway is obtained. The rationality of coupling control technology of anchoring and unloading and parameters has been verified by engineering test and mine pressure observation, providing technical references for surrounding rock control in deep intense-mining and large-deformation roadways.