General Approaches to the Formation of a Moral Educational Standard

Based on the analysis of the concept of “spirituality” and related concepts (spirit, soul, ethics, morality, morality, spiritual values, ideals, culture, consciousness, personality, etc.), the author actualizes the creation of a spiritual (moral) standard as a leading component of educational standards at all levels. The basis of the education system should be morality, a moral standard, and its essence should be the purposeful formation of a spiritual core and personality structure in each person (worldview, positivity, self-belief, determination, personal qualities and abilities), and in general — thought-creation and conscious construction of one's destiny, life-creation. That is, the main task of the education system is to teach the younger generation to perceive themselves, others and the world around them and to live in it through a system of universal values and spirituality, since human thinking, motives and actions are linked to the values that prevail in their minds. Considering a person as a system, the author considers the systemic requirements for the development of a moral standard: universality, maximum completeness, efficiency, and scientificity. The author analyzes approaches to the development of a moral standard and suggests directions for its construction based on the key human life goals: development, self-realization, relationships, lifestyle and social activities (serving society — from the earliest stage of human development). This approach takes into account two aspects: on the one side, it may include certain requirements of society for a person, taking into account age and level of development; on the other side, it includes conditions for a person to become happy, realize his or her dreams, and find meaning in life. Development ensures the harmonious improvement of personal qualities and abilities and includes: spiritual (growth of positivity, power of influence, etc.), intellectual (overall academic performance), energy (accumulation of vital energy and physical development — health improvement, growth of energy, physical strength, speed, flexibility, endurance) human development. Self-realization reflects the value of a person to the world through his or her activities in society. Relationships — this indicator should actualize all the best that can be between people: in personal life, in the family, in any team that deserves respect. Partial indicators may include: general ethics of behavior, building relationships, the state of the team (respect, gratitude, mutual assistance), having friends, etc. Lifestyle includes: healthy lifestyle, fullness of life, value of time — living in such a way that joy, inspiration, and enjoyment become almost a normal thing. Recommendations for determining indicators and criteria for evaluating pupils in the areas of moral standard have been developed. An approach to building an evaluation system is presented.