Towards a framework for measurements of power systems resiliency: Comprehensive review and development of graph and vector-based resilience metrics

Integration of smart grids into conventional power systems has introduced new challenges and opportunities. Greater dependence on communication and measurement infrastructure, as seen in advanced metering infrastructures, has transformed power grids into cyber–physical systems, enhancing capabilities against high-impact-low-probability (HILP) events but also exposing vulnerabilities to cyberattacks. This challenges underscore the critical role of resilience in modern power systems. Contrary to reliability, resiliency is a relatively new but critical topic for power systems, and suffers from a lack of clear shared definitions. We propose a comprehensive literature review and a framework that synthesizes existing knowledge, including a categorization of recent quantitative resilience metrics. Secondly, we introduce a holistic and realistic resilience curve. The proposed curve is evaluated and compared with the state-of-the-art methods and shows a clear improvement with the state of the art. Lastly, in response to the multifaceted nature of HILP events, the study introduces an innovative code-based vector of resilience metrics, providing a structured and practical reference to enhance clarity and reduce ambiguity. This study advances resilience understanding and enhancement in modern power systems by providing a comprehensive framework and key metrics, serving as a valuable resource for stakeholders.