The failure of biological treatment in axial spondyloarthritis is linked to the factors related to increased intestinal permeability and dysbiosis: prospective observational cohort study

A significant number of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) do not respond to biological therapy. Therefore, we decided to investigate the specificity of this group of patients and, in particular, whether haptoglobin (Hp), its polymorphism and zonulin, in addition to other clinical features, are predictors of poor response to biological treatment.