Profile of toddler pneumonia cases in Soewandhie Regional Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia: A descriptive study

Introduction: Pneumonia stands as a leading cause of mortality among children under five, trailing only behind diarrhea in Indonesia, where it has claimed the lives of 740,180 young children. This study endeavors to provide a comprehensive overview of toddler pneumonia specifically within the confines of Soewandhie Regional Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Objective: The primary objective of this research is to gain insight into the prevalence and characteristics of toddler pneumonia cases at Soewandhie Regional Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Method: Employing descriptive quantitative methods with a cross-sectional design, the study recruited a sample of 35 toddlers meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria through consecutive sampling. Data collection occurred within the Seruni room at Soewandhie Hospital, utilizing a combination of medical records examination and interviews with the families of the toddlers. Result: Among the sampled toddlers, a significant majority (65.7%) were diagnosed with pneumonia. Analysis revealed that a notable portion (51.4%) fell within the age range of 12-23 months, with a slight majority being female (54.3%). Maternal ages predominantly ranged from 20 to 35 years, while paternal ages were concentrated between 25 and 40 years (28.6%). Moreover, 17.1% of the toddlers had previously experienced pneumonia, and a majority (82.9%) were born at term with normal body weights (91.4%). Notably, two toddlers lacked complete parental care due to parental death. Conclusion: The findings underscore the significant burden of pneumonia among toddlers at Soewandhie Hospital. Future research endeavors could benefit from expanding the sample size and investigating additional factors contributing to toddler pneumonia incidence.