Antimicrobial Resistance and Susceptibility Patterns among Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from ICU–An Indian Study

Background: Antimicrobial Resistance is a major concern.The rising trend has created a nuisance affecting the global economy and sustainable development Goals.Data about antimicrobial resistance therefore might help in knowing the trends and acting.Critical care patients are prone to develop nosocomial infections.A brief knowledge about this would help in the judicious use of antibiotics.This multicentric study was undertaken to understand the trends in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance pattern, Multidrug Resistance (MDR)/ Extensive Drug Resistance (XDR)/Pan-drug Resistance (PDR), among GNB isolates from respiratory, urinary, and bloodstream samples from Indian ICUs.Methods: This is a retrospective study done in 16 Indian adult intensive care units (ICUs).The sensitivity pattern of defined GNB isolates against defined antibiotics was analyzed.Results: A total of 20,874 isolates of A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli from the included samples were obtained A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa species showed a higher prevalence of XDR than MDR whereas K. pneumonia detected MDR.Among all the GNBs in this study, A. baumannii was the most carbapenem-resistant organism (XDR) and K. pneumoniae demonstrated the highest percentage of PDR strains both being higher in the respiratory and bloodstream isolates than that in the urinary isolates. Conclusion:This study shows high Prevalence of MDR/XDR GNB is high in Indian ICUs.Using the right antibiotic or introducing various strategies along with infection control measures can help in reducing antimicrobial resistance.