Mitochondria in Endothelial Dysfunction and The Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

Atherosclerosis is spreading more and more every year. Accordingly, more and more people suffer from this disease, especially its negative consequences. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves many different mechanisms and processes. One of the players in this field is endothelial dysfunction, which captures the cells of the endothelial layer of blood vessels. Vascular dysfunction is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Abnormalities include increased arterial stiffness as well as endothelial dysfunction associated with an atherogenic decrease in the expression and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). This article focuses on the evidence supporting the role of mitochondria in the maintenance of vascular function and the pathophysiology of mitochondrial-related vascular disorders. In addition, to identify possible gaps in current knowledge and find potential promising interventions, we will discuss lifestyle and nutraceutical strategies, as well as pharmaceutical treatments that improve vascular function through effects on mitochondria.