Utility Competition for being a Mediator: Focusing on the Middle East

Ending the war through negotiations can reduce damage. However, negotiations require a mediator who can solve the problem of distrust. Mediation is effective in countries with smart power that are internationally influential, but it can also expand soft power if the mediation is successful. Although soft power does not provide tangible benefits in the short term, it has the potential in filling in the shortcomings of hard power. Traditionally, the United States has undertaken mediation missions in Middle Eastern conflicts. However, China, Russia, Qatar, and Egypt are now competing to gain the benefits of mediation as a tool for expanding smart power. Saudi Arabia is even acting as a mediator in offshore conflicts. This can be assessed as a part of efforts by mid-sized countries to expand their smart power in the face of weakening of the United State’ hegemonic power in the region.