Path, Portal, Place: Cultural Heritage Site Observations at Jamek Mosque Kuala Lumpur as a Spiritual Tourism Destination

The presence of spiritual and religious landmarks significantly benefits the tourism industry. Jamek Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, is a culturally rich iconic mosque established in 1909, serving both as a place of worship and a tourist attraction. However, it is unclear if its location in the bustling city environment supports positive user experience despite officer surveillance and facilities. The study employs qualitative methodologies to evaluate the experiences of individuals in the vicinity of the historic mosque. Semi-structured interviews and structured observations of user activities were conducted. Interviews used prompt guides and video recordings to understand the mosque site officers' and users' perspectives. Structured observations were conducted using the 'Path-Portal-Place' concept, with twelve hours of on-site observation and five potential users interviewed. Data analysis involved transcribing field notes and audio recordings into protocols and transcripts, followed by coding and expert verification. Interviews revealed 40 sub-themes under path-portal-place activity, path-portal-place experience, and path-portal-place experience. The primary activities observed within the domain of path-portal-place experiences include walking, taking self-photos, sitting, relaxing, standing, and resting. Users frequently express that the ambiance of the place is remarkably peaceful, and they deem the historical significance of the location as the key factor making it worthwhile to visit. Recommendations include maintaining functional and heritage preservation aspects to ensures that the mosque becomes a multifunctional and culturally significant space that respects its heritage to serves as a supportive spiritual tourism destination. Keywords: Path; Portal; Place; Cultural Heritage; Spiritual Tourism