Design of Effective Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles using Passive Cell Balancing

The efficiency of a battery energy storage system is heavily affected by the imbalance of cells. The capacity degradation of a single cell, which results in a lack of using the full capacity of a battery energy storage system, BESS is the primary disadvantage of its cell's imbalance. The cause of imbalance in cells is due to external or internal causes like manufacturing errors or self-discharge rate variations, as well as charging the cells over unison over a period. Therefore, this study primarily examines the method of cell balancing used in the Battery Management System of Electric Vehicles and Passive Cell balancing has been considered in this work. In addition, a comparative study of the different topologies conducted regarding charge and discharge capability as well as the most important elements needed for balance of cells. This study is not just for analyzing the lifespan of the battery, however also for the safety of the battery stopping the deep discharge that can occur in cells due to the overheating.