Vocal Trills: 18th-Century Performance Practice Considerations Viewed Through the Lens of 19th-Century Methods

Abstract: Eighteenth-century vocal literature abounds with trills, so approaching this skill methodically is advised. This article includes a literature review of four eighteenth-century vocal treatises (Tosi, Agricola, Mancini, Hiller), which agree about the importance of mastering the trill, but neglect practical suggestions about how to develop it. Four nineteenth-century vocal methods (Vaccai, Panofka, Lütgen, Marchesi) are discussed, including plans for how to practice the trill. Mozart's opera Così fan tutte is utilized as a case study in the synthesis of vocal treatises and vocal method books. Musical examples from each role are complemented with links to recordings of well-produced trills.