Effect of graphene reinforcement on the tensile and flexural properties of thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite using experimental and simulation approach

This study investigates the integration of graphene (Gr) nanoparticles into polyurethane (PU) matrices to enhance mechanical properties, focusing on Young's modulus, tensile strength, and flexural strength. Utilising a Representative Volume Element (RVE) analysis with 1 × 1 × 1 μm dimensions, the research evaluates PU/Gr composites at varying volume fractions. Results indicate substantial improvements in mechanical properties, with the 0.05 PU/Gr composite exhibiting the highest enhancements, including a 25% increase in Young's modulus and 26% and 31% enhancements in tensile and flexural strengths, respectively, compared to pure PU. Fractography confirms the transition from ductile to brittle behaviour with Gr incorporation. The RVE method accurately predicts Young's modulus, aligning closely with experimental and micromechanical model data. Additionally, ANSYS simulation tests show results within a 10% error margin. The findings suggest significant potential for the development of high-performance composite materials applicable across industries like aerospace, automotive, and construction.