Long-Term Survival Rates and Treatment Trends of Burkitt Lymphoma in Patients with HIV—A National Cancer Database (NCDB) Study

Background: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) accounts for 10–35% of AIDS-defining lymphoma in people with HIV (PWH). Previous research consisting of smaller cohorts has shown decreased survival for HIV-associated BL. This study aims to compare overall mortality in BL patients with and without HIV, while investigating impact of treatment modalities in HIV-associated BL. Methods: Using the 2004–2019 NCDB, we identified 4312 patients with stage 3 or 4 BL who had a known HIV status and received either chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Time to death was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival estimates. Risk of death was evaluated using an extended multivariable Cox model adjusted for multiple factors and with a Heaviside function for HIV status by time period (0–3 month vs. 3–60 month). Results: Of the 4312 patients included, 1514 (35%) had HIV. For months 0–3 from time of diagnosis, HIV status was not associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of death (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.26, p = 0.6648). From month 3to 60, positive HIV status was associated with a 55% increase in risk of death compared to those without HIV (95% CI: 1.38, 1.75, p < 0.0001). Further, this difference in hazard rates (0–3 vs. 3–60) was statistically significant (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22–1.82, p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is an increased mortality rate from months 3 to 60 in BL patients with HIV compared to patients without HIV. Additionally, risk of death in the first 3 months is significantly decreased by 45% in patients with HIV treated with combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy compared to patients without HIV receiving combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy, providing valuable clinical insight into treatment decision making in the care of HIV-associated BL.