Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Red Dyes Using a Novel Adsorbent Derived from Saponaria Officinalis Root via H3PO4, H2SO4, and KOH-Activation: Optimization, Kinetics, and Isotherm Study

This study focuses on the optimization, kinetics, and isotherms of a novel adsorbent derived from Saponaria Officinalis root for efficient removal of methylene blue and methyl red dyes. The preparation of the activated carbon involved specific parameters such as activating agents, impregnation time, and activation temperature. Results indicated a robust adsorption capacity, with the Langmuir isotherm model fitting well to the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model demonstrated high applicability, highlighting the potential of the developed adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications. The adsorbent exhibited impressive iodine adsorption capacities ranging from 336.42 to 1250.09 mg/g, with efficient removal rates of over 95% for methylene blue and 75% for methyl red dyes within specific time frames.