Abstract Identification of accident-prone locations (blackspots) based on lighting conditions is a crucial step in improving traffic safety, especially on toll roads that have different characteristics between day and night. This study aims to identify and rank blackspots on the Semarang-Solo Toll Road based on day and night conditions, analyze the dominant causal factors of accidents that occur during the day and night periods and develop special mitigation strategies for blackspot management. The methods used include classification of accident times during the day (06:01-18:00) and night (18:01-06:00) based on accident data from 2020-2024 analyzed using the Equivalent Accident Number (EAN) weighting method and Upper Control Limit (UCL) ranking. The results showed that Route A (towards Surabaya) Segment 64 (STA 482+200–483+200) as the daytime location with the highest risk (EAN=142, UCL=24.12) due to driver fatigue and tire failure, while Segment 69 (STA 487+200–488+200) is the most dangerous nighttime location (EAN=154, UCL=26.80) due to anticipation failure and brake malfunction. Route B (towards Jakarta) shows Segment 14 (STA 432+200–433+200) as the highest daytime risk area (EAN=108, UCL=18.29) and Segment 18 (STA 436+200–437+200) as the most dangerous nighttime location due to rear-end collisions caused by fatigue. The study concluded that time-based blackspot analysis showed different crash patterns, with human factors causing 68% of daytime crashes and 95% of nighttime crashes. Recommended mitigations include better lighting and warning systems for nighttime crash hotspots, and provision of rest areas for locations associated with daytime fatigue.
Hadi et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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