Transmission dynamics of dengue disease, awareness and control strategies

In today's world one of the biggest matters of concern related to human health is dengue. Since its vaccine has not got the marketability yet, we have only a few accessible curatives for now. To tackle this, two things are important: controlling the Aedes mosquitoes that spread it and making people more aware how to protect themselves from mosquito bites. Here an SIR dengue transmission model with six compartments is introduced to understand how the virus moves between humans and mosquitoes. Three types of controls (aquatic, insecticide and awareness control) to mitigate mosquito populations and safeguard humans from the severity of dengue disease are addressed in the proposed model. Using next generation matrix approach, the basic reproduction number to the constructed model is calculated, and the presence of backward bifurcation is analysed. We explore optimal control strategies to manage medical costs and combat mosquito populations effectively. Numerical simulations are added to limn the approached thoughts and to support the considered assumptions. In a short period, awareness control and insecticide control effectively reduce the number of infected cases in both mosquito and human populations. However, achieving a permanent solution requires the successful collaboration of all three controls.