Three-Dimensional Concrete Printing as a Construction Automation Strategy and Assessments from a Case Study Building

Numerous techniques and technologies exist to automate construction-related tasks, which include the latest three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) methodology. These automation techniques seek to solve the entrenched problems in construction, such as declining productivity, shortage of skilled workers, ineffectiveness in project management, unsustainability, and the increase in construction demand. The 3DCP has further benefits, such as quicker construction times, design freedom, and more predictability. However, there is resistance to adopting 3DCP in the industry and by the market. With experience from a 3DCP organization and a case study on a 3DCP villa, this paper presents the major challenges that hinder this technology's adoption and use, important lessons learned from the villa construction, and highlights of the local community's critical feedback.