Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and pericardial effusion: coincidence? I think not! Case report and review of the literature

Abstract Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary disease causing chronic renal failure, with a high incidence of extra-renal manifestations including pericardial effusion. Case summary We present the case of a 41-year-old female, known for ADPKD, who presented to our emergency department with epigastric pain radiating to the interscapular area. Blood exams showed moderate increase in inflammatory markers. Echocardiography revealed a circumferential pericardial effusion of 10 mm. She was put under treatment with colchicine therapy (1 mg b.i.d.) based on a presumptive diagnosis of acute pericarditis with pericardial effusion. She was hospitalized due to increase in pericardial effusion, underwent pericardial drainage, and started prednisone therapy with rapid recovery. We started a close follow-up on a monthly basis, with progressive decrease in pericardial effusion and progressive amelioration in symptoms, although the patient continued to report mild asthenia. Discussion Pericardial effusion and ADPKD are conditions that both require an interdisciplinary discussion for optimal patient care that avoids neglecting pivotal symptoms and avoidable invasive examinations.