The Relationship Between Skeletal and Dento-Alveolar Indicators in Class Ii Malocclusion

In instances of a distal bite, significant variability exists in the angles of inclination of frontal teeth, potentially impacting the condition of the alveolar bone, soft tissue profile of the face, and the aesthetics of the smile. The aim of this study is to establish correlations between sagittal, vertical, and dento-alveolar cephalometric indicators, and to assess which skeletal cephalometric variables in Class II skeletal patterns influence the variability of changes in the dento-alveolar complex. Materials and methods. A total of 47 cephalograms from patients with II class according to Engle were analyzed. Eighteen cephalometric measurements were performed using the following methods: SNA, SNB, ANB, SNBa, SNPg, NLNSL, MLNSL, NLML, Facial axis, PFHAFH, the sum of Bjork angles, Gonian angle, I1NL, I1NA, i1ML, i1NB, i1APg, I1ᵢ1 license program "Audax Ceph" v. 6. 6. A total of 846 measurements were made. Results. Class II bite pathology is characterized by prognathism of the upper jaw (increase in the SNA angle) and distal displacement of the lower jaw (decrease in the SNB, SNPg angles). Vertical parameters indicate a predominantly neutral type of growth. The average indicators of the inclination of the upper incisors indicate their slight retrusion. Lower incisors are characterized by a vestibular inclination. The most significant correlations of the angle i1ML with indicators PFHAFH (Ро=. 513**, р=0), MLNSL (Ро=-. 512**, р=0), NLML (Ро=-. 434**, р=0. 002), Bjork (Ро=-. 512**, р=0). Significant correlations between the incisal angles of the upper and lower jaws indicate their significant variability. Conclusions. The growth of the facial skeleton in the vertical and sagittal planes is related to the position of the incisors of the upper and lower jaws, which determines the impact on the morphology of bone tissue and facial aesthetics. Considering the interrelationships between parameters is an essential component for achieving successful functional and aesthetic outcomes in orthodontic treatment.