Energy-Aware Resolution Selection for Per-Title Encoding

With the ubiquity of video streaming, optimizing the delivery of video content while reducing energy consumption has become increasingly critical. Traditional adaptive streaming relies on a fixed set of bitrate-resolution pairs, known as bitrate ladders, for encoding. However, this "one-size-fits-all" approach is suboptimal for diverse video content. As a result, per-title encoding approaches dynamically select the bitrate ladder for each content. In this paper, we address the pressing issue of increasing energy consumption in video streaming by introducing GreenRes, a novel approach that goes beyond the traditional selection of quality-centric resolutions. Instead, GreenRes considers both video quality and energy consumption to construct an optimal bitrate ladder tailored to the unique characteristics of each video content. To achieve this, GreenRes, similar to per-title encoding, encodes each video content at various resolutions, each with a set of bitrates. It then sets a maximum acceptable quality drop threshold and selects resolutions that maintain video quality above this threshold while minimizing energy consumption. Our experimental results demonstrate an average reduction in energy consumption of 30.82%, while ensuring a maximum quality drop of only 0.53 Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) points.