Research on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Railway Architectural Heritages Based on Heritage Database—Taking the Jinqin Section of the Peking–Mukden Railway as an Example

This research analyzes the development and evolution of the Jinqin section of Peking–Mukden railway. Based on defining the scope of the study, the project to make “The List of Architectural Heritage of Jinqin section in Peking–Mukden Railway” is proposed. Data acquisition, data processing, and heritage information visualization are completed after the survey. ArcGIS was applied to build the database, which was used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution. The following conclusions were obtained after analyzing spatial distribution characteristics, spatial agglomeration, and spatial equilibrium: ① The overall spatial distribution of architectural heritage is characterized by significant “cohesion”, while the three major categories of heritage in three time sections show obvious spatial distribution direction. ② The integral architectural heritage is characterized by an agglomeration pattern of six points connected by railway. ③ Both the integral heritage and the three major categories have a large gap in distribution, a low degree of balance, and a high degree of agglomeration. The research can support the study of regional protection strategy and sustainable use of railway architectural heritage.