The risk of delirium after sedation with propofol or midazolam in intensive care unit patients

Abstract Aim Knowledge of risk factors may provide strategies to reduce the high burden of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We aimed to compare the risk of delirium after deep sedation with propofol versus midazolam in ICU patients. Methods In this prospective cohort study, ICU patients who were in an unarousable state for ≥24 h due to continuous sedation with propofol and/or midazolam were included. Patients admitted ≤24 h, those with an acute neurological disorder and those receiving palliative sedation were excluded. ICU patients were assessed daily for delirium during the 7 days following an unarousable state due to continuous sedation. Results Among 950 included patients, 605 (64%) subjects were delirious during the 7 days after awaking. The proportion of subsequent delirium was higher after midazolam sedation (152/207 73% patients) and after both propofol and midazolam sedation (257/377 68% patients), compared to propofol sedation only (196/366 54% patients). Midazolam sedation (adjusted cause‐specific hazard ratio adj. cause‐specific HR 1.32, 95% confidence interval CI 1.05‐1.66) and propofol and midazolam sedation (adj. cause‐specific HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06‐1.56) were associated with a higher risk of subsequent delirium compared to propofol sedation only. Conclusion This study among sedated ICU patients suggests that, compared to propofol sedation, midazolam sedation is associated with a higher risk of subsequent delirium. This risk seems more apparent in patients with high cumulative midazolam intravenous doses. Our findings underpin the recommendations of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Pain, Agitation/sedation, Delirium, Immobility (rehabilitation/mobilization), and Sleep (disruption) guidelines to use propofol over benzodiazepines for sedation in ICU patients.