Assessing AIr Pollutant Emissions in the Aftermath of the 2021 Forest Fires in Marmaris and Manavgat, Türki̇ye: Insights From Satellite-Based Monitoring

Abstract. In recent years, the occurrence of forest fires has become almost inevitable worldwide due to the severe impact of climate change. Consequently, it is imperative to examine the consequences of these fires, pinpoint the affected areas, and take required measures following post-fire incidents. With the advent of modern remote sensing satellites, which allow for the rapid monitoring of vast expanses, they offer a valuable data source for addressing such emergency scenarios. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the extent of air pollutant gas emissions resulting from the forest fires that occurred in Marmaris and Manavgat, Türkiye, in the summer of 2021. To this aim, using the data obtained from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) sensor onboard the Sentinel-5P satellite, the amount of major air pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosol were investigated after the forest fires considering three different non-fire time periods. The findings of the experiments indicated that in Manavgat, there was a substantial rise in NO2 and average CO levels by 260.43% and 107.07%, respectively, when compared to the 10-day period preceding the forest fire event. Similarly, in Marmaris, there was an increase of 203.63% in NO2 levels and a 102.47% rise in average CO levels during the same period. Positive absorbing aerosol index (AAI) values were also observed during the events, which means that the amount of UV-absorbing aerosols increased due to the fire. The differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) maps derived from the Sentinel-2 MSI imagery were also used to investigate the severity of the forest fires, and to observe the relationship between the fire severity level and the air pollutants investigated.