Intrusion Detection Systems in Automotive Ethernet Networks: Challenges, Opportunities and Future Research Trends

Automotive Ethernet, as a standard network bus, promises faster network speeds and enhanced bandwidth benefits for internal automotive networks. However, putting Ethernet inside automobiles introduces significant security issues that will become increasingly evident. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) have been created to safeguard such networks from cyberattacks while assuring functional safety and real-time communication. This article presents a comprehensive examination of the literature on cybersecurity for the next generation of vehicle communication systems, focusing on technical architectures, methodology, issues, and potential solutions. In this context, the in-vehicle electrical/electronic (E/E) network architecture is explored, defining important components, interfaces, and related technologies. Additionally, protocols for in-vehicle communication are classified based on their characteristics and usage type. A survey of intrusion detection system (IDS) designs and approaches is conducted, highlighting their associated drawbacks. Finally, the article concludes with observations, recommendations, and discussions on open challenges and future research trends in in-vehicle communication cybersecurity.