A Multi-Agent Model for Opinion Evolution under Cognitive Biases

We generalize the DeGroot model for opinion dynamics to better capture realistic social scenarios. We introduce a model where each agent has their own individual cognitive biases. Society is represented as a directed graph whose edges indicate how much agents influence one another. Biases are represented as the functions in the square region -1, 1² and categorized into four sub-regions based on the potential reactions they may elicit in an agent during instances of opinion disagreement. Under the assumption that each bias of every agent is a continuous function within the region of receptive but resistant reactions (R), we show that the society converges to a consensus if the graph is strongly connected. Under the same assumption, we also establish that the entire society converges to a unanimous opinion if and only if the source components of the graph-namely, strongly connected components with no external influence-converge to that opinion. We illustrate that convergence is not guaranteed for strongly connected graphs when biases are either discontinuous functions in R or not included in R. We showcase our model through a series of examples and simulations, offering insights into how opinions form in social networks under cognitive biases.