Research Progress in the Synthesis and Modification of Polylactic Acid

Polylactic acid (PLA) has garnered significant attention due to its advantages of excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewable raw materials. This article begins by briefly introducing the research progress in the synthesis and modification of PLA, as well as its specific applications such as medical sutures and textiles, and the pros and cons of PLA itself. It then provides a detailed overview of the direct polymerization methods of PLA, including melt condensation and solution polymerization, and ring-opening polymerization methods such as cationic, anionic, and coordination. The process mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of each method are discussed, along with their suitability for practical industrial production and current limitations. Several specific modification methods of PLA are also discussed, such as low-temperature plasma modification and blending modification, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and specific research examples. These modifications aim to improve the deficiencies of PLA in areas such as mechanical strength or biological activity, allowing PLA to be applied in specific fields. Ultimately, the goal is for PLA to replace petroleum-based plastics and achieve widespread application in order to reduce environmental impact.