Anogeissus latifolia leaf, flower and stem extracts: UPLC/ESI-qTOF-HRMS/MS profile with cytotoxicity and antiviral activity evaluation

Further phytochemical and biological investigations for A. latifolia extracts were designed through LC/qTOF-MS/MS characterization alongside cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were examined against four cancer cell lines and two viruses. Phytochemical profiles of leaf and flower were determined by UPLC/HRESI-MS/MS. MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity evaluation against four human cancer cell lines. In vitro anti-HSV1 and HAV activity was evaluated with three different protocols to test protective, anti-replicative, and anti-infective antiviral activities, and three separate replications of each experiment were conducted using MTT colorimetric assay and IC50 with selectivity index (SI) using Vero cell line. By LC/ESIMS, 66 and 27 metabolites were identified. In-vitro, all extracts inhibited HepG-2, Caco-2/ATB-37, MCF-7/HTB-22 and Panc-1 growth in concentration dependent manner. Leaf-extract showed the moderate activity against Caco-2 (IC50=81.78±0.43 μg/ml stem, leaf and flower demonstrated nearly weak cytotoxicity against HepG-2 (IC50=203.3±5.33, 221.71±4.44, 329.35 ± 9.27 μg/ml). Flower-extract recorded weak activity against MCF-7 (IC50=288±20.1) and promising protective activity against HSV1 with no significant difference with acyclovir (65.53±3.24 vs 68.44±7.62). Leaf -extract demonstrated pronounced protective (82.99±1.56) and anti-infectivity (73.19±3.1) activities against HAV. Stem-extract exhibited least activity against HSV1 and no activity against HAV. Significant cytotoxicity and antiviral activity could be attributed mainly to constitutive polyphenols.