Intracardiac electrogram–based atrial pace mapping for detecting the earliest activation site in atrial arrhythmias

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been established as a cornerstone therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite its effectiveness, over 20% of patients still experience recurrences of AF and atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) after PVI.1 Several studies have highlighted the significant role of non-pulmonary premature atrial complexes (non-PV PACs) in triggering AF/AT episodes.2,3 The successful detection and ablation of those non-PV PACs could potentially lead to a reduction in the rate of recurrence after catheter ablation.