Attitudes toward premarital and casual sex in Canada: A secondary analysis of the seventh wave of the World Values Survey

Numerous studies have examined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward premarital sex and, more recently, toward casual sex. However, no recent study has examined these associations in Canada’s general population. The present exploratory study consists of a secondary analysis of the World Values Survey’s seventh wave of data collected in 2020 from a sample of 4,018 Canadian adults. Results indicate moderately positive attitudes toward premarital sex and lower levels of approval for casual sex, on average. Religion-related variables yielded moderate to strong effect sizes, with identifying as religious, higher frequencies of religious service attendance, and greater attributed importance to religion being associated with lower levels of approval for premarital and casual sex. Small to moderate effects were found for politics-related, family-related, and ethnocultural variables. On average, participants who considered premarital and casual sex as justifiable tended to be more left-leaning, have fewer children, live together as married, have been born in Canada, identify as White, report French as the language they normally speak at home, and live in Quebec. While age and generation were weakly associated with premarital sex attitudes, they were more strongly associated with casual sex attitudes, with younger participants being somewhat more accepting of casual sex than older participants. Small gender differences were found for casual but not premarital sex attitudes. Attitudinal differences based on socioeconomic variables were overall statistically insignificant or negligible. The findings are consistent with and expand on the existing literature. They also shed light on Canada’s ethnocultural and provincial particularities.