Evaluating the biological (antidiabetic) potential of TEM, FTIR, XRD, and UV‐spectra observed berberis lyceum conjugated silver nanoparticles

Abstract Diabetes is a life‐threatening disease that affects different parts of the body including the liver, kidney, and pancreas. The core root of diabetes is mainly linked to oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Berberis lyceum Royle (BLR) is the source of natural products. It comprises numerous bioactive compounds having antioxidant activities. In the current investigation, silver nanoparticles from BLR root extract were synthesized, characterized, and assessed for antidiabetic potential. UV spectrophotometry, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR), and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) were applied for the characterization of NPs. It was evident from the morphological studies that the synthesized NPs were spherical and the average size was 11.02 nm. Results revealed that BLR‐AgNPs showed higher radical scavenging activity as compared to BLR extract. Moreover, BLR‐AgNPs displayed superior in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity in comparison to BLR extract. Glucose level (116.5 ± 5.1 mg/dL), liver function test (ALAT: 54.038 ± 6.2 IU/L; ASAT: 104.42 ± 13.9 IU/L; ALP: 192.6 ± 2.4 IU/L; bilirubin: 1.434 ± 0.14 mg/dL; total protein: 5.14 ± 0.24 mg/dL), renal function test (urea: 39.6 ± 0.63 mg/dL; uric acid: 21.4 ± 0.94 mg/dL; creatinine: 0.798 ± 0.03 mg/dL; albumin: 4.14 ± 0.2 mg/dL), lipid profile level (cholesterol: 101.62 ± 3 mg/dL; triglyceride: 110.42 ± 7 mg/dL; HDL‐C: 29.7 ± 3 mg/dL; LDL‐C: 47.056 ± 1 mg/dL; VLDL‐C: 22.0 ± 1.3 mg/dL) and hematology (WBCs: 3.82 ± 0.24 10 3 /μL; RBCs: 4.78 ± 0.42 10 6 /μL; Hb: 12.6 ± 1.0 g/dL; Hematocrit: 39.4 ± 3.7%; MCV: 65.8 ± 3 fL; platelets: 312 ± 22.4; neutrophils: 34.8 ± 1.87; eosinophils: 3.08 ± 0.43; monocytes: 3.08 ± 0.28; lymphocytes: 75.6 ± 3.77) confirmed the significant antidiabetic potential of BLR‐AgNPs. Histopathological examination authenticated that BLR‐AgNPs caused a significant revival in the morphology of the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Hence, findings of the study suggested the BLR‐AgNPs as a potent antidiabetic agent and could be an appropriate nanomedicine to prevent diabetes in future. Research Highlights Berberis lyceum extract as a reducing, capping, and stabilization agent for the BLR‐AgNPs synthesis Evaluation of α‐amylase inhibition, antioxidant, and α‐glucosidase inhibition potential Thorough characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and UV–VIS spectrophotometer, which is 1 st of its kind In‐vivo antidiabetic activity evaluation through multiple biomarkers