Synovial Fluid (SF), a critical component of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) function, reflects physiological and pathological changes, offering valuable insights into conditions such as inflammation and osteoarthritis. This article explores recent studies and findings on changes in SF composition in TMJ disorders, highlighting its diagnostic and therapeutic significance. By reviewing literature on inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and molecular markers like Interleukin (IL)-1b, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-a, High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), and Netrin-1, the study underscores their roles in disease progression and potential as therapeutic targets. The dual effects of Hyaluronic Acid (HA), contingent on its molecular weight, and the efficacy of pharmacological interventions such as glucosamine-chondroitin and HA are discussed. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of TMJ pathophysiology and emphasise the need for personalised treatment strategies to improve outcomes in TMJ disorders.
Dubey et al. (Thu,) studied this question.