Proteomic Analysis of Proteins Responsive to Drought stress in barley

Abstract Background Drought stress is one of the main environmental factors limiting the development, growth, and crop yield of barley plants. Finding drought-tolerant genes and the proteins they encode that are linked to the interplay between drought tolerance and growth/yield is crucial for enhancing genotypes' ability to withstand drought and other abiotic stressors. Our study's objective was to leverage prior proteomic research to identify candidate genes and the proteins they encode that are important in barley's responses to drought tolerance and to examine how drought stress alters their expression. Results This study reveals that proteome alterations linked to drought stress in the Giza132 barley genotype were examined using two-dimensional (2-DE) electrophoresis. Seedlings with one week old were subjected with 10% of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) treatment for eight days and protein expression profiles were determined with 2-DE gel using total proteins extracted from leaf tissues after treatment in comparison to control (irrigated with tap water during this period). Our Investigations of protein expression profiles revealed that drought stress using 10% of PEG results in global changes in the barley proteome and consequently the genes that related to drought stress tolerance responses. From our results, we identified 56 spots (proteins) most of them are related to the drought and other stresses tolerance. These previous proteins were up /down regulated or remained unaltered in barley plants that are stressed by drought in comparison with control. Moreover, Bioinformatics databases were used to determine the potential tissue expression of our genes at transverse and sagittal slices, various tissues under light and shade, and various tissues at entire spike and provascular tissue. Conclusions Using two-dimensional gel data analysis and the putative expression analysis for the candidate genes and their encoding proteins, we can comprehend how these genes would function in barley in response to drought stress.