Saudi Arabia's GCC Strategy: Transforming Foreign Policy in the Era of Vision 2030 and New Instruments of Regional Influence

This article, grounded in the theoretical and methodological principles of neoclassical realism, analyzes the evolution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's (KSA) foreign policy strategy within the framework of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) from 2010 to 2024. The findings demonstrate that the transformation of the KSA's foreign policy trajectory-driven by a reassessment of its regional role, adaptation to evolving security challenges, and a strategic orientation toward "Vision 2030" – is characterized by a shift in emphasis from coercive instruments to soft power and economic diplomacy. Empirical evidence indicates that Riyadh's foreign policy activities are prioritized toward investments in cross-border infrastructure projects and technological cooperation within the GCC, in addition to expanding its influence in education, media, culture, and sports. Analysis of the KSA's actions in the context of regional conflicts and normalization processes suggests that Riyadh's foreign policy strategy is distinguished by a pragmatic approach, viewing regional stability as a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development goals within the framework of "Vision 2030." In conclusion, the author contend that the transformation of the KSA's foreign policy strategy is a multifaceted process that shapes key development trends not only for Saudi Arabia but also for the configuration of power in the Persian Gulf region. By focusing on the interplay between "Vision 2030" and the KSA's foreign policy within the GCC, this study contributes to understanding the prospects for regional integration and the role of external actors in shaping a new regional architecture.