November 30, 2025

Effects of Marked Weight Loss Induced by Gastric Bypass Surgery or Low-Calorie Diet Alone on Postprandial Glucose Disposal in Type 2 Diabetes

Puntos clave

Marked weight loss improves postprandial glucose levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes due to diet therapy.
Glucose measures showed greater improvement in the diet therapy group after marked weight loss.
Analysis involved intravenous and oral glucose tracer protocols to assess glucose dynamics over 4 hours post-meal.
This reinforces diet therapy's role in enhancing glycemic control alongside surgical options for diabetes.

Resumen

We used a dual (intravenous and oral) glucose tracer protocol to evaluate rates of glucose appearance in the circulation, insulin-mediated glucose disposal (IMGD), and noninsulin-mediated glucose disposal (NIMGD) for 4 h after consumption of a mixed meal in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes before and after marked (∼20%) weight loss, induced by behavioral diet therapy (BDT, n = 11) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery (n = 9). Total postprandial glucose appearance rate was lower after compared with before weight loss in both the BDT and RYGB groups because of a decrease in endogenous glucose production, without a difference between groups. However, the decreases in total and incremental postprandial plasma glucose concentration areas under the curve were greater in the BDT group than the RYGB group because IMGD doubled in the BDT group but did not change in the RYGB group. These results demonstrate that the improvement in postprandial glycemia is greater after marked, matched weight loss induced by BDT compared with RYGB in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes, because of increased IMGD after BDT but not RYGB. Nonetheless, these findings do not diminish the potent therapeutic effect of RYGB surgery on glycemic control and even achieving remission of type 2 diabetes. Article Highlights In people with obesity and diabetes, marked (∼20%) weight loss induced by behavioral diet therapy (BDT) causes a greater decrease in postprandial plasma glucose area under the curve than matched weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), even though insulin sensitivity and postprandial plasma insulin area under the curve are the same in both groups. We studied the effects of marked weight loss after BDT or RYGB on insulin-mediated glucose disposal (IMGD) and non–insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Weight loss induced by BDT, but not RYGB, increased IMGD. Postprandial glycemia improves more after marked weight loss induced by BDT than by RYGB because of increased IMGD after BDT but not RYGB.

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