Acoustic emission (AE) and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) arise because of material destruction and are used for the monitoring of materials and structures. This article presents an overview of AE and EMI studies related to physical processes in ice and their relationship to practically significant problems of ice mechanics and remote sensing. The paper provides a review of the properties of AE and EMI in experiments on compression and bending of ice, as well as original materials in tests of beams with fixed ends, carried out in laboratory and natural conditions. Methods and results of AE and EMR measurements in rock and ice failure processes are compared and discussed in the paper. It was found that the EMI signal spectra measured in the 0.5–10 MHz range in laboratory tests with fixed-end beams were in a higher frequency range compared to the EMR properties measured in earlier uniaxial compression tests. The obtained EMR spectra correspond to eigen frequencies of Rayleigh waves trapped near ice cracks with diameter of ~1 mm and smaller.
Aleksey Marchenko (Wed,) studied this question.